The House passed a sweeping five-year farm bill Thursday after years of congressional deadlock and a chaotic week of procedural fights, last-minute negotiations and a near collapse of the deal.

The Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2026 passed 224-200, with 14 Democrats joining Republicans to push the margin beyond the slim Republican majority. The bill’s fate remains uncertain in the Senate, where it will need bipartisan support to reach the 60-vote threshold.

“They’re going to have to make some modifications to get 60 votes,” House Agriculture Committee Chair Glenn “GT” Thompson told reporters after the House vote.

The House has not passed a full farm bill since 2018, instead extending that law three times while Congress struggled to find a path forward.The 2026 bill’s journey to the floor was anything but smooth. House debate didn’t begin until nearly 11 p.m. Wednesday after a prolonged standoff over year-round sales of E15 ethanol fuel threatened to blow up the entire package.

Farm state Republicans who wanted the E15 provision accepted a leadership pledge for a stand-alone vote in May, clearing the way for floor consideration.

Republicans were also split over a provision that would have asserted federal supremacy over state pesticide labeling laws, which was opposed by “Make America Healthy Again” movement activists who argued it was a liability shield for chemical companies.

Thompson defended the language, which the agricultural industry and many farmers supported, asserting that the EPA determines the safety of these products and that the provision would not shield corporations from liability on products that the EPA doesn’t approve.

The MAHA side won out: The House approved an amendment from Republican Rep. Anna Paulina Luna of Florida in a 280-142 vote on Thursday. .

Democrats remained broadly opposed to the bill. The top Democrat on the House Agriculture Committee, Rep. Angie Craig of Minnesota, argued the bill fell short of addressing the largest problems facing farmers and working people. Democrats sought to restore $187 billion in SNAP benefit cuts made by last year’s reconciliation package in the bill, but Republicans did not consider any changes to major changes to SNAP during its time in committee.

“It’s time for my Republican colleagues to get serious and stop playing politics with the folks who feed and fuel the world,” Craig said Thursday on X.