When it comes to the wealth of Ohio’s congressional delegation, freshman rule: At least three of Ohio’s four newest federal lawmakers came to Congress as millionaires, financial disclosures show.

They’re led by Republican Sen. Bernie Moreno, by far the delegation’s richest member, who arrived in Congress in 2025 with a median net worth of about $131.9 million.

The median Ohio household makes a little over $71,000 a year.

Moreno built his fortune through a network of luxury automotive dealerships across greater Cleveland, a business he began assembling in the mid-2000s and wound down before taking office.

By the time he filed his 2024 financial disclosure, most of those dealership entities were sold. For Moreno, what remained was at least two dozen limited liability companies holding commercial and residential real estate in several states, stakes in Israeli venture capital funds and other private equity and venture capital funds.

His largest disclosed asset is a home in Ocean Reef, Florida, valued at between $5 million and $25 million, of which he owns 43%. He also reported owning a partial stake in unimproved land in Sunbury, Ohio, valued in the same range.

Some of Moreno’s investments are not fully visible in his public filing. A note at the bottom of his disclosure states that an “alternative disclosure letter” is on file with the Senate Ethics Committee, “due to investment confidentiality provisions,” and that Moreno and his spouse have “no power or authority to direct the investments” of those arrangements. The Senate allows such alternative disclosures for certain complex or confidential investment structures, but the underlying assets remain private.

“Senator Moreno is steadfastly opposed to career politicians like Nancy Pelosi who have made millions insider trading in Congress and has been clear that members of Congress should be banned from trading stocks, period. He does not own or trade any individual stocks and sold all of his assets before running for office to prevent any and all conflicts of interest,” Reagan McCarthy, a spokesperson for Moreno, told NOTUS in a statement.

Moreno also reported having a previous financial position in DonaldDaters LLC, the now-defunct conservative dating app founded by his daughter Emily Moreno that experienced an embarrassing data breach upon its launch in 2018.

Moreno is a member of several Senate committees: Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs; Commerce, Science and Transportation; Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs; and the Senate Budget Committee. Together, they have jurisdiction over some of the industries in which Moreno has personally invested.

Ohio’s other senator, Republican freshman Jon Husted, is not nearly as wealthy as Moreno, his counterpart.

Sen. Jon Husted. Bill Clark/AP

But he’s still quite wealthy: Husted’s 2025 financial disclosure reveals a net worth median estimate of about $2 million, although it’s possible he’s not a millionaire since lawmakers generally disclose the value of their assets and liabilities in broad ranges. Husted’s portfolio is concentrated largely in mutual funds held through his wife’s retirement accounts, along with a joint Heartland Bank checking and savings account worth between $100,001 and $250,000 — the same institution where Husted served as a board director until January 2025 and from which he received $27,575 in board compensation that year. Husted’s office did not answer NOTUS’ questions about whether he supports a ban on congressional stock trading.

Republican Rep. Michael Rulli, another millionaire freshman, likewise owns commercial and residential property, including farmland and commercial properties in northeast Ohio. He boasts a median net worth of $26.5 million. Rulli’s office did not answer NOTUS’ questions regarding his net worth or if he believes members of Congress should own stocks.

Republican Rep. Dave Taylor entered Congress in 2025 with a median net worth of $18.2 million. A large contributor to his wealth is his family’s concrete business, which he valued at between $5 and $25 million.

“The Congressman and the brokerage firm abide by all rules and regulations related to Congressional trading, including reporting transactions made on his behalf. The Congressman does not advise on or otherwise actively trade in stocks, and is only made aware of such trades after they are executed,” a spokesperson for Taylor told NOTUS in a statement.

Taylor holds all of his disclosed assets through a family trust, a structure also used by Rep. Max Miller, who has an estimated net worth of $9.7 million.

Miller, a second-term Republican who represents a suburban Cleveland district, holds assets across four separate trusts, some established as far back as 1989. His largest single disclosed position is an exchange-traded fund valued from $1 million to $5 million. He also disclosed a promissory note showing he borrowed from $250,000 to $500,000 from one of his own family trusts. Miller did not answer NOTUS’ questions about his investments or whether he supports a bill to ban members from trading stock.

Taken on the whole, Ohio’s 17-member congressional delegation — including its two senators — spans nearly the full American wealth spectrum, the NOTUS analysis found.

Three members reported liabilities exceeding their disclosed assets, leaving them with negative net worth on paper. Democratic Rep. Emilia Sykes carries an estimated net worth of about -$289,000, driven largely by student loan debt she has held since the mid-2000s.

Within those ranges is a delegation that looks less like Ohio and more like Congress: predominantly wealthy, heavily invested in real estate and financial markets and largely insulated from the economic pressures facing their constituents.

When lawmakers file their annual financial disclosures, they report the value of assets and liabilities in ranges rather than exact figures. To estimate each member’s net worth, NOTUS calculated the minimum and maximum possible values of their total reported assets and liabilities, then subtracted liabilities from assets at both ends of the range. The midpoint between those two figures is what we’re reporting as each member’s estimated median net worth.

Rep. Jim Jordan, the Republican who chairs the House Judiciary Committee, disclosed essentially no invested wealth. His assets consist of two Ohio public pensions — one for himself from his time as a state employee from 1987 to 2006, one for his spouse from her career as a teacher, a savings account and a checking account at Park National Bank in Ohio, and a book.

Rep. Jim Jordan. Nathan Howard/AP

His estimated median net worth is roughly $282,000, nearly all of it attributable to pension value. He holds no stocks, no real estate and no investment accounts. Jordan has served in Congress since 2007 and has been a central figure in the House, and was a candidate for speaker in 2023.

Earlier this year, Jordan violated the Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge Act when he was about a month late disclosing up to $100,000 worth of stock in a bank holding company. Jordan’s office did not respond to NOTUS’ questions.

Financial disclosures also reveal that several Ohio members hold assets in industries directly affected by the committees on which they serve.

Republican Rep. Mike Turner, who served as chairman of the House Intelligence Committee through 2024 and sits on the Armed Services Committee, holds two aerospace and defense exchange-traded funds in an individual retirement account: the Invesco Aerospace & Defense ETF and the iShares U.S. Aerospace & Defense ETF.

Both funds hold stakes in major Pentagon contractors, including Lockheed Martin, RTX and Northrop Grumman — companies whose federal contracts are shaped in part by the committees on which Turner sits. Despite these holdings, Turner is one of three Ohio representatives with a negative net worth.

Turner’s liabilities, including a Bank of America mortgage on a Washington-area residence and a personal loan from Congressional Federal Credit Union taken out in April 2024, push his estimated median net worth to about -$54,000. Turner’s office did not respond to NOTUS’ request for comment.

Republican Rep. Dave Joyce, who sits on the House Appropriations Committee, holds stock in Boeing through a retirement account. Boeing is among the largest recipients of federal defense contracts, funding that appropriators help determine. Like Turner’s ETF holdings, Joyce’s Boeing position is legal and disclosed.

Joyce has reportedly violated the STOCK Act’s disclosure provisions in the past by failing to properly disclose his finances. Joyce’s office did not answer NOTUS’ questions on how he avoids conflicts of interest or if he makes his own trades.

Democratic Rep. Marcy Kaptur, a member on the appropriations subcommittee that funds agriculture programs, holds stock in Nutrien Ltd., a major fertilizer producer, worth between $50,000 and $100,000. She disclosed that the stock was inherited from a deceased family member and that no transactions are expected.

Rep. Marcy Kaptur. Bill Clark/AP

In 2023, Kaptur violated the STOCK Act when she was several months late in disclosing the sale of stock in an agricultural supply company that she had inherited. Kaptur’s office said she supports a ban on congressional stock trading, and sold one of the inherited stocks at a loss to avoid any conflict of interest.

Members of Congress have debated for years whether to ban individual stock ownership outright. The Republican leadership-backed Stop Insider Trading Act advanced out of committee to the full House in January, but it has yet to receive a vote.

Other stock-ban measures, including the bipartisan Restore Trust in Congress Act and Democrat-backed Restore Trust in Government Act, have not advanced.

Rep. Greg Landsman, who has a median net worth of more than $2.1 million, noted in his 2024 disclosure that he would liquidate his individual stock holdings in 2025 and would now comply with the bill’s requirements on his own. Landsman, a Democrat, previously failed to properly disclose dozens of stock trades after entering Congress in 2023.

Rep. Greg Landsman. Francis Chung/Politico via AP

“Members of Congress should sell their stocks, like I did,” Landsman said in a statement to NOTUS. “Move everything to mutual funds. They shouldn’t wait for a law to pass to do what’s right. And no member should be betting in predictive markets.”

Democratic Rep. Shontel Brown, who represents a district anchored by Cleveland’s eastern suburbs, reported total disclosed assets of between $4,004 and $60,000 — a Fidelity IRA with four small mutual fund positions and an Ohio public pension. Against those assets, she carries a mortgage of between $50,000 and $100,000. Her estimated median net worth is -$43,000. Brown did not answer questions from NOTUS regarding whether she supports a ban on congressional stock trading.

Sykes, who represents Ohio’s 13th District, still carries between $100,000 and $250,000 in federal student loan debt from her law degree, debt she took on starting in 2005.

Rep. Emilia Sykes. Tom Williams/AP

She also carries from $35,000 to $80,000 in credit card debt in her spouse’s name, and refinanced her mortgage in September 2024 for between $250,000 and $500,000. Her total disclosed liabilities could reach $830,000, while her assets, at their maximum, top out around $755,000.

Sykes told NOTUS that she does not make investments and highlighted that she supported a discharge petition — to date, unsuccessful — to conduct a House vote on the Restore Trust in Government Act.